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(indonesia) Kontroversi Ujian Nasional

Oleh : Dhitta Puti Sarasvati

  1. Tahukah anda bahwa ada peraturan desa (perdes) yg melarang siswa kelas 6 u/ membersihkan halaman sekolah.
  2. Perdes itu diberlakukan u/ mempersiapkan anak2x kls 6 menghadapi UN. Mereka hny boleh belajar u/ UN.
  3. Yang membersihkan sekolah adalah orang tua dan guru. Siswa kelas 6 cukup belajar saja.
  4. Tahukah anda bahwa banyak guru tidak mau mengajar dengan inovatif dengan alasan, “Ini tidak di-UN-kan?”
  5. Tahukan anda bahwa tdk ada 1 pun negara lain yang menjalankan sistem Ujian Nasional spt halnya di Indonesia?
  6. Tahukah anda bahwa pencipta ujian tertulis pertama terjadi di Cina untuk menyeleksi pegawai?
  7. Tetapi di Cina tidak ada ujian untuk menentukan kelulusan loh.. Ada untuk seleksi masuk PT.
  8. Pak Fasli bilang UN harus dibuat lebih rumit. Lebih rumit bukan berarti lebih bermutu loh?
  9. Kalau siswa SD ditanya mengenai nama enzim-enzim, misalnya, itu rumit, tapi bukan berarti melatih daya pikir.
  10. Tujuan UN dlm dokumen pemerintah, sebagai standar kelulusan, & alat pemetaan.
  11. Malah rencananya mau dijadikan alat penentu masuk PT. Malah mau dijadikan alat ukur masuk PT. Itu konyol.
  12. Cara mendesain ujian u/ alat evaluasi exit exam (kelulusan),&entry exam (masuk PT) itu berbeda sama sekali.
  13. Tahukah anda bahwa di peringkat PISA dan TIMSS indonesai merupakan salah satu negara dengan nilai terendah?
  14. TOEFL bs dikonversi ke IELTS&sebaliknya.Kalau hasil UN dikonversi ke PISA nilai UN = berapa nilai PISA yah?
  15. Apa benar UN mengukur kualitas pendidikan?
  16. Dalam KTSP, kita punya namanya standar kompetensi lulusan (SKL). Apakah UN mengukur itu?
  17. Contoh SKL SMP (Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi) Mencari& menerapkan informasi secara logis,kritis&kreatif.
  18. Apakah UN mengukur itu? Ternyata tidak saudara-saudara.
  19. Jadi UN itu alat ukur terhadap apa yah?
  20. Yang jelas UN bukan alat ukur untuk menentukan apakah lulusan kita sudah mencapai SKL tersebut.
  21. Ujian, tidak bisa sekaligus untuk pemetaan dan exit exam. Dua itu cara mendesainnya berbeda.
  22. UN u/ memaksa siswa belajar kata birokrat. Asumsinya belajar motivasinya harus ekstrinsik bukan intrinsik
  23. Kalau membuat anak hanya belajar untuk ujian itu tidak akan berkelanjutan
  24. Kalau main Angry Birds kan penasaran untuk terus bisa lebih baik dan naik level. Itu intrinsic motivation.
  25. Kita inginnya anak2x belajar seperti itu. Belajar karena senang bukan karena terpaksa.
  26. Ada Iklan Bimbel besar2xan di koran yg menyatakan kesuksesan siswa masuk PT adalah karena peranan bimbel.
  27. Artinya mereka sudah tidak menganggap sekolah memiliki peran dalam kesuksesan siswa.
  28. Iklannya : Wow Fantastik belasan ribu siswa [Bimbingan tes ini] masuk PT bukti dahsyatnya belajar di BT ini.
  29. Extrinsic motivation memang bisa membuat anak belajar tetapi bukan di level high order thinking.
  30. Semua inovasi pendidikan tidak akan berjalan dengan baik dengan pola UN yang sekarang.
  31. UN mengukur skil yang sudah kuno. Menghitung yang rumit tapi bukan problem solving (kalau di matematika)
  32. UN mengubah tujuan pendidikan menjadi sekedar terampil mengerjakan soal.
  33. Tujuan pendidikan seperti yang tercantum dalam kurikulum malah tidak tercapai.
  34. Sekali lagi UN itu mau mengukur apa sih? Keterampilan dan pengetahuan seperti apa sih?
  35. Di DKI sudah ada larangan bagi sekolah untuk menyelenggarakan bimbingan tes di sekolah.
  36. Bimbingan test [BT] kata yang lebih tepat bukan bimbingan belajar (Bimbel).
  37. U/ mengakalinya,ada sklh mbuat jadwal agar siswa bgantian keluar d jam pelajaran u/ mengikuti bimbingan tes.
  38. Ada sekolah yang mengajarkan higher order thinking skills ke siswanya.
  39. Ternyata bilai mereka lebih rendah dari sekolah yang tidak membiasakan higher order thinking skills.
  40. Di sana anak2x sudah biasa berdiskusi,mcari informasi sendiri,menganalisis literatur,belajar problem solving.
  41. Sekolah yg kualitas belajarnya tdkk bagus nilainya lebih tinggi dr sekolah yg kualitas belajarnya lbh bagus.
  42. Beberapa sekolah siswanya malah sudah bisa mengkritisi soal UN. Kemampuan berpikir kritisnya lebih tinggi.
  43. Cthnya ttg rantai makanan. Kodok dimakan ular. Kagtanya, “Kenapa tdkdimakan sama orang Cina yg makan swike?”
  44. Lah itu sudah bisa analisis, tapi belum tentu nilai UN-nya bagus.
  45. Salah satu tujuan pendidikan kita kan agar anak memiliki kemampuan analisis yang bagus.
  46. Kalau UN tidak bisa mengukur kemampuan analisis siswa lalu apa yang diukur?
  47. Kalau kita ingin siswa kita memiliki kompetensi ttt, tdk masalah brp lamadia mcapai itu yg penting tcapai.
  48. Misalnya kalau tes TOEFL si A nilainya X dengan sekali ujian. B nilainya X setelah berkali2x ujian.
  49. Kompetensinya sama walau B mengulang lebih sering.
  50. Kalaupun mau m’adakan ujian, hrs drancang agar siswa bs berkali2 mengulang sampai dia bisa tanpa terbebani.
  51. Di Swedia tidak ada ujian kelulusan tapi ada ujian u/ mengukur kecakapan siswa dlm berbagai mata pelajaran.
  52. Ujiannya tdk di akhir tahun kelulusan (misalnya tahun ketiga), tapi di tahun kedua.
  53. Siswa boleh mgulang berkali2x selama masa sekolah sampai lulus.
  54. Yang merancang ujian adalah guru, tapi pemerintah bertugas untuk menilai kemampuan guru merancang ujian.
  55. Kalau di Indonesia, guru dirancang untuk tidak terampil membuat soal (berkualitas).
  56. Yang membuat soal hanya orang tertentu, misalnya d tingkat kecamatan. tentunya membuat soal dapat uang dong!
  57. Jadi kenapa sih UN masih dipertahankan?
  58. UN mengukur keterampilan berpikir yang paling rendah.
  59. UN tidak mengukur tercapainya tujuan pembelajaran yang tercantum dalam kurikulum pendidikan.
  60. UN menjadikan sekolah sebiuk berlatih soal. Tentunya bukan kecakapan yg dibutuhkan di abad ini.
  61. Tidak ada satupun negara yang melakukan hal yang sama.
  62. Peringkat literasi dan numerasi kita salah satu yang tersendah di dunia (padahal nilai hasil UN bagus).
  63. Apa sih yang mau dipertahankan?
  64. Siip. Sementara sudah dulu yah saya berkicaunya ttg cerita #Pertemuandgdedengkotpendidikan. Tolong di RT kalau setuju. Thanks b4.

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(indonesia) Berita Edukasi, 17 Oktober 2011

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(indonesia) Berita Edukasi, 16 Oktober 2011

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(indonesia) Berita Edukasi, 14 Oktober 2011

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Fixing Indonesian Education’s Poor Scores

Bruce Gale – Straits Times Indonesia | October 07, 2011

Indonesia ranks 61st out of 65 countries when it comes to 15-year-olds’ proficiency in mathematics. Their reading skills are a little better, with teenagers in only seven countries performing worse. This is the conclusion of a study carried out in 2009 by the Program for International Student Assessment (Pisa) and coordinated by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.

Why are Indonesian youngsters so far behind? Some observers believe the problem arises from a lack of sufficient funding for education. Others blame it on a corrupt and poorly designed national examination system.

These are certainly contributing factors.

An equally serious problem may be the education system’s continued emphasis on rote learning and the failure of the nation’s bureaucrats to use available funds wisely.

One of the great achievements of the Suharto era was the establishment of universal education and the subsequent spread of literacy. But the system has since fallen into disrepute.

Educationalists also point to a greater divergence in the quality of education available as the children of middle- and upper-class citizens gravitate to better-funded private schools and religious organizations struggle to provide a good education to the less privileged.

After decades of neglect, however, education spending has increased enormously in recent years and is now equivalent to about 3.4 per cent of gross domestic product, around the same level as Singapore’s. Even so, much remains to be done. In July, Anwar Alsaid, head of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization’s education unit in Jakarta, urged Indonesia to continue to focus on the sector.

The government seems to be taking notice. Later the same month, the local press reported that the National Education Ministry had allocated 762.2 billion rupiah (S$111 million) to fund scholarships for more than two million students from low-income families. The scholarships are to go to elementary school pupils in the first to fifth grades.

Since 2006, the government has also been working to address concerns about the need for quality education. So-called “international-standard schools” or RSBIs with more diverse curriculums and fewer students in each class have been created. These schools, of which there are currently about 1,300 across the country, are allowed to impose fees – a point which has prompted critics to complain that students from low-income families have been effectively excluded.

But the more fundamental complaint against RSBIs is that they have so far failed to deliver on their promise of academic excellence. And scholarships serve little purpose if the quality of education remains poor. Earlier this year, the Education Ministry stopped issuing additional RSBI permits pending an evaluation.

Educationalist Toenggoel Siagian sees a fundamental problem with the way Indonesian students in government schools are taught. “They don’t teach students English. Rather, they teach them about English,” he told me when I met him recently in Jakarta. Siagian’s lament concerned the emphasis on English grammar at the expense of practical skills such as the ability to carry on simple conversations.

He has a point. Despite the fact that English is a compulsory subject at the senior high school level, few graduates of government schools can hold a simple conversation in the language. Mathematics, says Siagian, is generally taught better. But even here there is little attempt in schools to link the subject to the real world in a way that would help students solve practical problems.

Siagian heads the Jakarta Christian School Association (PSKD), which runs 22 primary, junior high and senior high schools in the Jakarta area. Many PSKD schools are well regarded for the quality of the education they provide despite the relatively modest fees charged.

Speaking to me in his office in Jakarta’s Kwini district, Siagian also placed emphasis on the need to give students something to be proud of. As an example, he pointed to the girls’ basketball team at PSKD’s senior high school in Kwini. Membership of the team, which regularly wins national championships, is highly prized by the students. But no student can be admitted into the team with a high grade point average.

A committed staff also helps. PSKD’s head of academic affairs holds a PhD from Cornell University in the United States. Yet she earns just 3.5 million rupiah a month and is not entitled to any additional allowances. Similarly committed educationalists can be found in some of the better Muslim schools run by organizations such as the Nahdlatul Ulama.

Such individuals, however, will probably always be in the minority. More realistically, Siagian speaks about the need to improve teacher training and raise salaries so that more of the country’s better university graduates will consider teaching as a career.

Money is important. But it needs to be spent in the right places. There also needs to be a fundamental rethink about educational methods and goals if Indonesia’s teenagers are to perform better in future Pisa assessments.

Reprinted courtesy of Straits Times Indonesia. To subscribe to Straits Times Indonesia and/or the Jakarta Globe call 021 2553 5055.

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